Operators

Java provides various operators, such as arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, etc. Arithmetic operators perform basic arithmetic operations, assignment operators assign values to variables, comparison operators compare values, and logical operators perform logical operations like AND, OR, NOT.

In Java, operators are symbols or special characters used to perform various operations on variables and values. They allow you to manipulate data, perform arithmetic calculations, compare values, and control the flow of your program. Java operators are categorized into several types based on their functionality. Let’s explore the different types of operators in Java:

Arithmetic Operators :- Arithmetic operators are used for basic mathematical calculations.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	int result = 5 + 3;
-	Subtraction	`int result = 5 - 3;`
*	Multiplication	‘int result = 5 * 3;`
/	Division	`int result = 5 / 3;`
%	Modulus (Remainder)	`int result = 5 % 3;`
++	Increment (postfix or prefix)	`int i = 5; i++;` or `int j = 5; ++j;`
--	Decrement (postfix or prefix)	`int i = 5; i--;` or `int j = 5; --j;`

Example Arithmetic Operatore :-

// Addition

int a =10;

int b = 5;

int sum = a + b; // sum = 15

//Subtraction

int Sub = a – b; // difference = 5

// Multiplication

int multiplication = a * b; // product = 50

// Division

int division = a / b; // quotient = 2

// Module

int remainder = a % b; // remainder = 0

System.out.println(“Value of a = ” +a +” and b = ” +b);

System.out.println(“Calculation of A and B Is \t Sum = ” + sum + “\t Subtraction = ” + sub + “\t Multiplcaton = ” + multiplication + “\t Devision = ” + division + “\t Module = ” + remainder);

Output :- Value of a = 10 and b = 5

Calculation of A and B Is Sum = 15 Subtraction = 5 Multiplcaton = 50 Devision = 2 Module = 0

2. Assignment Operators :- Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Description	Example
=	Simple assignment	int x = 10;
+=	Addition assignment	x += 5;
-=	Subtraction assignment	x -= 3;
*=	Multiplication assignment	x *= 2;
/=	Division assignment	x /= 4;
%=	Modulus assignment	x %= 3;

Example :-

public class Demo

{

public static void main(String []args)

{

int x = 4;
// If x is greater than 5, increment x by 1
if (x > 5)
     {
            x++;
            System.out.println(x);
       }
// If x is even, multiply x by 2
if (x % 2 == 0)
      {
              x *= 2; // Hare i Use Muliplication assignment Operatore
               System.out.println(x);
        }
}

}

Output :- 8

Comparison Operators :- Comparison operators are used to compare values and return a boolean result (`true` or `false`).

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal to	if (x == y)
!=	Not Equal to	if (x != y)
>	Greater than	if (x > y)
<	Less than	if (x < y)
>=	Greater than Equal to	if (x >= y)
<=	Less than equal to	if (x <= y)

Example :-
public class ComparisonExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 5;
        int b = 3;

        // Equal to
        boolean isEqual = (a == b);
        System.out.println("a == b: " + isEqual);  // Output: false

        // Not equal to
        boolean isNotEqual = (a != b);
        System.out.println("a != b: " + isNotEqual);  // Output: true

        // Greater than
        boolean isGreaterThan = (a > b);
        System.out.println("a > b: " + isGreaterThan);  // Output: true

        // Less than
        boolean isLessThan = (a < b);
        System.out.println("a < b: " + isLessThan);  // Output: false
    }
}
Output :- false
          ture
          ture
          false

Logical Operators :- Logical operators are used to combine boolean expressions and evaluate their truth values.

Operator	Description	Example
&&	Logical AND	if (x > 0 && x < 10)
\|\|	Logical OR	if (x == 0 \|\| x == 10)
!	Logical ! (Negation)	if (!flag)

Example:-

boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
 // Logical AND
    boolean OP_And = a && b; //variable OP_And result is false
            System.out.println(OP_And);
// Logical OR
    boolean OP_Or = a || b; // variable OP_Or result is ture
            System.out.println(OP_Or);
// Logical NOT
    boolean OP_Not = !a; // variable OP_Not result is false
             System.out.println(OP_Not);

Output :- false

ture

false

Bitwise Operators :- Bitwise operators perform operations at the binary level on individual bits of integer values.

Operator	Description	Example
&	Bitwise AND	int result = a & b;
\	Bitwise OR	int result = a \\| b;
^	Bitwise XOR (exclusive OR)	int result = a ^ b;
~	Bitwise NOT (complement)	int result = ~a;
<<	Left Shift	int result = a << 2;
>>	Right Shift (With Sign )	int result = a >> 2;
>>>	Right Shift (No Sign Extension)	int result = a >>> 2;

Example:-

int num1 = 5; // binary: 0101
int num2 = 3; // binary: 0011

        int resultAnd = a & b;  // 0101 & 0011 = 0001
        System.out.println("a & b = " + resultAnd);  // Output: 1
        
        // Bitwise OR
        int resultOr = a | b;   // 0101 | 0011 = 0111
        System.out.println("a | b = " + resultOr);   // Output: 7
        
        // Bitwise XOR
        int resultXor = a ^ b;  // 0101 ^ 0011 = 0110
        System.out.println("a ^ b = " + resultXor);  // Output: 6
Output :-  1
           6
           7

Ternary Operator (Conditional Operator) :- The ternary operator is a shorthand for an if-else statement, allowing you to make a quick decision based on a condition. in Java is a conditional operator that takes three operands and evaluates to one of two expressions based on the value of the first operand. It is also known as the conditional expression or the three-way conditional operator.

Syntax :- variable = (condition) ? expression1 : expression2

Example :-

int x = 5;

String result = (x > 0) ? “Positive” : “Non-positive”;

Output :- Positive

Instanceof Operator :- The “instanceof” operator is used to check whether an object is an instance of a particular class or implements a specific interface.

Syntax :-

Example :-

public class Test {

   public static void main(String args[]) {

      String Msg = "This is string.";

      // following will return true when Msg Variable is type of String
      boolean result = name instanceof String;
      System.out.println( result );
   }
}

Output :- true

These are the main categories of operators in Java. Understanding how to use operators effectively is essential for writing efficient and error-free Java code.